Prostate Enlargement

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) a noncancerous growth of the prostate gland makes urination difficult and uncomfortable. The expanding prostate squeezes the urethra the channel that carries urine from the bladder. BPH affects only men. Symptoms usually develop around age 50. At age 60 you'll most likely have BPH. At age 80 you'll have an 80 percent chance of experiencing urination problems caused by BPH.

Signs and Symptoms

• The need to urinate frequently
• Inability to sleep through the night without getting up to urinate
• Difficulty starting urine stream or complete inability to urinate
• Decreased strength and force of the urine stream
• Dribbling after urination ends
• Blood in the urine (BPH can cause small blood vessels to burst)

What Causes It?

Nobody knows the basic cause of BPH. Research shows that testosterone the male hormone or dihydrotestosterone a chemical produced when testosterone breaks down in a man's body may cause the prostate to keep growing. Since it surrounds the urethra the prostate gland squeezes the urethra as it expands. Some over-the-counter medications for colds or allergies can drastically worsen BPH.

What to Expect at Your Provider's Office

Your health care provider will feel your prostate gland directly by putting a gloved finger in your rectum. He or she will also order blood tests and possibly a urine sample. Your health care provider may also ask you to urinate into a device that measures the flow of urine. In intravenous pyelogram your health care provider injects a dye into a vein to make the flow of urine visible on an X ray. In cystoscopy your provider uses a small probe passed through your urethra to directly view the inside of your urethra and bladder. Your penis will be numbed before this procedure.

Treatment Options

Treatment Plan

Treatment will depend on your age overall health and the severity of the disease. BPH clears up by itself in one-third of mild cases. It is important to receive regular check-ups to monitor the disease. Treatment will begin as soon as your symptoms become bothersome. There are various nonsurgical procedures for BPH. They include microwave and laser treatments. There are also several types of surgery to correct the condition. Balloon urethroplasty uses a balloon to widen the urethra and improve urine flow. Prostatic stents do the same thing with a spring-like effect. Transurethral resection or removal of a part of the urethra is done in 90% of BPH surgeries.

Drug Therapies

Prescription

• Antibiotics: clear any infections prior to BPH treatment
• Alpha blockers—relieve symptoms by relaxing tissue in the area of the prostate
• Finasteride—a drug that can shrink the prostate; can take up to three months to work

Over the Counter

N/A

Surgical Procedures

Balloon urethroplasty uses a balloon to widen the urethra and improve the flow of urine. Prostatic stents do the same thing with a spring-like device. Transurethral microwave therapy and transurethral hyperthermia are new treatments that use microwaves or heat to destroy prostate tissue.

Transurethral resection of the prostate used on 90 percent of patients undergoing BPH surgery removes pieces of the enlarged prostate through the urethra. A less invasive method transurethral incision of the prostate makes small cuts in the prostate and the neck of the bladder. Laser surgery vaporizes excess tissue in the prostate.

Complementary and Alternative Therapies

Your health care provider may want to keep a close eye on your condition as part of the management of BPH.

Nutrition

• Zinc (60 mg per day)—to reduce the size of the prostate.
• Selenium (200 mcg per day)—anti-oxidant in the prostate
• Essential fatty acids (1 000 to 1 500 IU one to two times per day)—anti-inflammatory for optimum prostaglandin concentrations
• B₆ (100 to 250 mg per day)—reduces the elevated levels of prolactin found in people who have BPH
• Amino acids glycine glutamic acid and alanine (200 mg per day of each)—provide relief from symptoms
• Avoid alcohol especially beer and saturated fats.
• Pumpkin seeds can help maintain a healthy prostate.

Herbs

Herbs may be used as dried extracts (capsules powders teas) glycerites (glycerine extracts) or tinctures (alcohol extracts). Unless otherwise indicated teas should be made with one teaspoon herb per cup of hot water. Steep covered 5 to 10 minutes for leaf or flowers and 10 to 20 minutes for roots. Drink 2 to 4 cups per day.

• Saw palmetto (Serenoa ripens)—160 mg twice a day is difficult to achieve in tea or tincture; extract standardized for 85 percent to 95 percent of fatty acids and sterols is recommended. Saw palmetto is widely used in Europe.
• Stinging nettle root (Urticae radix)—Increases urinary flow and volume. Daily dose of 4 to 6 g of drug or equivalent preparation.

Homeopathy

Some of the most common remedies used for this condition are listed below. Usually the dose is 12X to 30C every one to four hours until your symptoms get better.

• Chimaphila umbellata is specific for retention of urine with an enlarged prostate
• Conium for BPH with a feeling of heaviness in the pelvic area especially with premature ejaculation
• Pareira for urinary retention with BPH especially with painful urging or pain in the bladder
• Selenium for BPH with dribbling impotence and constipation
• Thuja occidentalis specifically if there is a forked stream of urine

Physical Medicine

• Kegel exercises (contracting and releasing the pelvic muscles)
• Contrast sitz baths. You will need two basins that can be comfortably sat in. Sit in hot water for three minutes then in cold water for one minute. Repeat this three times to complete one set. Do one to two sets per day three to four days per week.

Following Up

Whatever your treatment have regular checkups. After prostate surgery drink plenty of water eat a balanced diet avoid heavy lifting and operating machinery and don't strain when you move your bowels.

Supporting Research

Berkow R Beers MH et al eds. Merck Manual of Medical Information: Home Edition. Whitehorse Station NJ: The Merck Publishing Group; 1997.

Blumenthal M ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs. Boston Mass: Integrative Medicine Communications; 1998:201.

Morrison R. Desktop Guide to Keynotes and Confirmatory Symptoms. Albany Calif: Hahnemann Clinic Publishing; 1993:119 141 286 341 388–389.

Murray MT Pizzorno JE. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine. Rocklin Calif: Prima Publishing; 1998:480–486.

Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. The National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. NIH publication no. 91:3012.

Werbach M. Nutritional Influences on Illness. New Canaan Conn: Keats Publishing; 1988:82–84.

Copyright © 2000 Integrative Medicine Communications

The publisher does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of the information or the consequences arising from the application use or misuse of any of the information contained herein including any injury and/or damage to any person or property as a matter of product liability negligence or otherwise. No warranty expressed or implied is made in regard to the contents of this material. No claims or endorsements are made for any drugs or compounds currently marketed or in investigative use. This material is not intended as a guide to self-medication. The reader is advised to discuss the information provided here with a doctor pharmacist nurse or other authorized healthcare practitioner and to check product information (including package inserts) regarding dosage precautions warnings interactions and contraindications before administering any drug herb or supplement discussed herein.